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- #CARD:Pakistan:Geography
- #IMAGE 49 66 TWPCX \maps\Pakistan.PCX
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Click Here for MAP
- Pakistan
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- South Asia, along the Arabian Sea, between India and Afghanistan
- Map references:
- Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
- Area:
- total area:
- 803,940 km2
- land area:
- 778,720 km2
- comparative area:
- slightly less than twice the size of California
- Land boundaries:
- total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909
- km
- Coastline:
- 1,046 km
- Maritime claims:
- contiguous zone:
- 24 nm
- continental shelf:
- 200 nm or the edge of continental margin
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand
- Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream
- riparian India
- Climate:
- mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
- Terrain:
- flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan
- plateau in west
- Natural resources:
- land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal,
- iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 26%
- permanent crops:
- 0%
- meadows and pastures:
- 6%
- forest and woodland:
- 4%
- other:
- 64%
- Irrigated land:
- 162,200 km2 (1989)
- Environment:
- frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west;
- flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August); deforestation;
- soil erosion; desertification; water logging
- Note:
- controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between
- Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:People
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 125,213,732 (July 1993 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 2.87% (1993 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 42.59 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Death rate:
- 12.6 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- -1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 103.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 57.11 years
- male:
- 56.54 years
- female:
- 57.72 years (1993 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 6.5 children born/woman (1993 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Pakistani(s)
- adjective:
- Pakistani
- Ethnic divisions:
- Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India
- and their descendents)
- Religions:
- Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
- Languages:
- Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and
- most government ministries, but official policies are promoting its gradual
- replacement by Urdu), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi
- and other 9%
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
- total population:
- 35%
- male:
- 47%
- female:
- 21%
- Labor force:
- 28.9 million
- by occupation:
- agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%, services 33%, extensive
- export of labor (1987 est.)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- conventional short form:
- Pakistan
- former:
- West Pakistan
- Digraph:
- PK
- Type:
- republic
- Capital:
- Islamabad
- Administrative divisions:
- 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally
- Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West
- Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
- note:
- the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region
- includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
- Independence:
- 14 August 1947 (from UK)
- Constitution:
- 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments, 30 December
- 1985
- Legal system:
- based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's
- stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
- reservations
- National holiday:
- Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
- Political parties and leaders:
- government:
- Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Mian Nawaz SHARIF; Jamhoori Watan
- Party (JWP), Mohammad Akbar Khan BUGTI; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (JUI),
- Fazl-ur-REHMAN and Sami-ul-HAQ; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI
- KHAN; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan-Niazi, Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan NIAZI;
- Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI
- opposition:
- Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO and Nusrat BHUTTO; Pakistan
- Muslim League-Chattha (PML-C), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI),
- Qazi Hussain AHMED; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI
- (formerly the PNP); Tehrik-i-Istiqlal (TI), Air Marshal (Ret.) Mohammad
- ASGHAR KHAN; Tehrik-i-Nifaz-i-Fiqah-i-Jafaria (TNFJ), Agha Hamid Ali MUSAVI;
- Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan-Noorani (JUP-Noorani), Maulana Shah Ahmed NOORANI;
- Mohajir Quami Mahaz-Haqiqi (MQM-H), Afaq AHMED
- Other political or pressure groups:
- military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners,
- industrialists, and small merchants also influential
- Suffrage:
- 21 years of age; universal
- Elections:
- President:
- last held on 12 December 1988 (next to be held by NA November 1993); results
- - Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN was elected by Parliament and the four provincial
- assemblies
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- Government
- Senate:
- last held March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1994); seats - (87 total) PML
- 52, Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, PPP 5, ANP 5, JWP 4, MQM 3,
- PNP 2 (name later chaged to NPP), JI 2, JUP 2, JUI 2, PKMAP 1, independent 1
- National Assembly:
- last held on 24 October 1990 (next to be held by October 1995); results -
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) number of seats by party
- NA; note - President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed the National Assembly on 18
- April 1993; it was reestablished, however, on 26 May 1993 by the Supreme
- Court, which ruled the dismissal order unconstitutional
- Executive branch:
- president, prime minister, Cabinet
- Legislative branch:
- bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) consists of an upper house or Senate
- and a lower house or National Assembly
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
- Leaders:
- Chief of State:
- President Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN (since 13 December 1988)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mian Nawaz SHARIF (since 6 November 1990); note - President
- GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed Prime Minister SHARIF on 18 April 1993, but he
- was reinstated by the Supreme Court on 26 May 1993
- Member of:
- AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
- ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
- INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS
- (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
- UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- (vacant)
- chancery:
- 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- (202) 939-6200
- consulate general:
- New York
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador John MONJO
- embassy:
- Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
- mailing address:
- P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Islamabad or APO AE 09812-2000
- telephone:
- [92] (51) 826161 through 79
- FAX:
- [92] (51) 822004
- consulates general:
- Karachi, Lahore
- consulate:
- Peshawar
- Flag:
- green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious
- minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered
- in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional
- symbols of Islam
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Pakistan is a poor Third World country faced with the usual problems of
- rapidly increasing population, sizable government deficits, and heavy
- dependence on foreign aid. In addition, the economy must support a large
- military establishment. A real economic growth rate averaging 5-6% in recent
- years has helped the country to cope with these problems. Almost all
- agriculture and small-scale industry is in private hands. In 1990, Pakistan
- embarked on a sweeping economic liberalization program to boost foreign and
- domestic private investment and lower foreign aid dependence. The SHARIF
- government denationalized several state-owned firms and attracted some
- foreign investment. Pakistan likely will have difficulty raising living
- standards because of its rapidly expanding population. At the current rate
- of growth, population would double in 25 years.
- National product:
- GNP - exchange rate conversion - $48.3 billion (FY92 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 6.4% (FY92 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $410 (FY92 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 12.7% (FY91)
- Unemployment rate:
- 10% (FY91 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues $9.4 billion; expenditures $10.9 billion, including capital
- expenditures of $3.1 billion (FY93 est.)
- Exports:
- $6.8 billion (f.o.b., FY92)
- commodities:
- cotton, textiles, clothing, rice
- partners:
- EC 35%, US 11%, Japan 8% (FY91)
- Imports:
- $9.1 billion (f.o.b., FY92)
- commodities:
- petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation, equipment,
- vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals
- partners:
- EC 29%, Japan 13%, US 12% (FY91)
- External debt:
- $16.5 billion (1992 est.)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 5.7% (FY91); accounts for almost 20% of GNP
- Electricity:
- 10,000,000 kW capacity; 43,000 million kWh produced, 350 kWh per capita
- (1992)
- Industries:
- textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing,
- paper products, shrimp
- Agriculture:
- 25% of GNP, over 50% of labor force; world's largest contiguous irrigation
- system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables;
- livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs; self-sufficient in food grain
- Illicit drugs:
- illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade;
- government eradication efforts on poppy cultivation of limited success;
- largest producer of Southwest Asian heroin
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- Economy
- Economic aid:
- (including Bangladesh prior to 1972) US commitments, including Ex-Im
- (FY70-89), $4.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
- commitments (1980-89), $9.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.3
- billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.2 billion
- Currency:
- 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
- Exchange rates:
- Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 25.904 (January 1993), 25.083 (1992),
- 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989), 18.003 (1988)
- Fiscal year:
- 1 July - 30 June
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:Communications
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- Communications
-
-
- Railroads:
- 8,773 km total; 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km 1-meter gauge, and 610 km less
- than 1-meter gauge; 1,037 km broad-gauge double track; 286 km electrified;
- all government owned (1985)
- Highways:
- 101,315 km total (1987); 40,155 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 29,000 km
- improved earth, and 9,160 km unimproved earth or sand tracks (1985)
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,044 km; petroleum products 885 km (1987)
- Ports:
- Gwadar, Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
- Merchant marine:
- 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 350,916 GRT/530,855 DWT; includes 3
- passenger-cargo, 24 cargo, 1 oil tanker, 1 bulk
- Airports:
- total:
- 111
- usable:
- 104
- with permanent-surface runways:
- 75
- with runways over 3,659 m:
- 1
- with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
- 31
- with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
- 42
- Telecommunications:
- the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and
- business use; about 7 telephones per 1,000 persons; the system for
- international traffic is better and employs both microwave radio relay and
- satellites; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 2
- Indian Ocean INTELSAT; broadcast stations - 19 AM, 8 FM, 29 TV
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Pakistan:Defense Forces
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Pakistan
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 28,657,084; fit for military service 17,585,542; reach
- military age (17) annually 1,337,352 (1993 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 6% of GNP (FY91/92)
-
- #ENDCARD
-
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